Remote monitor your Davis Anemometer with RMS

If you need to know how fast the wind is blowing, an anemometer is the device you need. An anemometer is a meterorological device that calculates the speed of wind. Anemometers range in size and price. There are two main types of annemometers, cup style and windmill style. Other types of anemometers that are less common include Hot-wire style, Laser Doppler style, and Sonic style. Most anemometers come with some kind of gauge or LCD readout that displays the wind speed. But what if you want to monitor the wind speed remotely over an Internet connection? RMS to the rescue!

This project makes use of the GPIO pins on the RMS-200 board to count the pulses from the anemometer. An RMS-200 voltmeter is used to measure the wind direction. We chose the popular Davis model 7911 cup style annemometer because it is inexpensive and fairly accurate.
Davis anemometer

The anemometer kit includes bolts and brackets to fasten the anemometer to a pole or building. The anemometer comes with 40 feet of 4-wire cable that has a common phone (RJ-11) connector at the end. A surface mount modular jack was purchased so that the anemometer cable could easily plug in without splicing into the anemometer cable.

Wind Speed

Theory of operation: There is a magnet in the wind cup assembly and a reed switch in the head assembly. When the wind cup magnet is over the reed switch, the switch closes causing the GPIO line on the RMS-200 board to be pulled low. When the magnet passes the reed switch, the switch opens again causing the GPIO line to go high again. The RMS-200 counts these high to low transitions and writes the pulse count to a file approximately every 2.25 seconds. The pulse count is the wind speed in MPH.

Below is a wiring diagram illustrating how the anemometer is hooked up to the RMS-200 board.

NOTE: A pull up resistor must be used to pull the RMS-200 GPIO pin high. A resistor value of 4k to 20k can be used. Use the higher resistance value when the wiring to the anemometer is short, and the lower value when the wiring is long or subject to leakage or noise.

Davis anemometer interfaced to RMS-200.

Below is the pin-out of the GPIO port (CON8) on the RMS-200 board. A six pin connector with ribbon cable was used to interface the RMS-200 board to the modular jack. Only three wires are used from the ribbon cable, VDD3.3, GND, and GPIO4.

RMS-200 GPIO pin out.

Wind Direction

Theory of operation: The wind vane or rudder attaches to a shaft on the anemometer head. The anemometer shaft turns a potentiometer inside the head. The potentiometer produces a voltage between 0 and 3.2 that varies linearly with azimuth. The voltage is transmitted over 2 wires back to one of the RMS-200 voltmeters. The diagram below shows the recommended mounting, with the wind vane arm pointing North out from the mast. Before attaching the vane or rudder, turn the shaft so that the voltage reading is 0 volts, then attach the vane as shown below.

Davis anemometer mounting orientation.

Software Overview

Below is a screen shot of the RMS-200 Davis 7911 anemometer interface. Two gauges show both wind speed and direction.

RMS-200 anemometer screen shot.

The download zip file below contains all of the files needed to display the gauges. Simply download the files and extract them to your computer. With FTP, upload the files to the RMS-200 board at /data/custom/. Go to the RMS-200 setup area and add a custom device. In the "path to custom file" box, enter: custom/anemometer.php and click the OK button. An anemometer icon will be displayed in the left navbar as shown above. Edit the aserver.php file to set which voltmeter is used for the wind direction.

Make the anemometer daemon executable by typing on the command line: chmod 755 /data/custom/anemometerd

Start the anemometer daemon (anemometerd gpio_number). To get usage info on the anemometer daemon, run it without arguments. When the anemometer daemon is running it will create the wind speed file in /var/rmsdata/a-count.

Anemometer files

This concludes the anemometer GPIO project. We can now monitor our wind speed and direction from the comfort of home or at the office with the RMS-200 remote site monitoring board.